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positionality, which refers to whose perspective is centered in the production of knowledge, and the teaching, of course, is.

 And how one way that ethic studies differs is by centering BIPOC perspective, centering the perspective of the communities that fought to create these fields, because they were not represented within the university within what was considered legitimate academic knowledge.

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 And it was through their agency and resistance that this field got established.

 Agency, as the capacity or power to act in one's own interest, and resistance, meaning resisting systemic oppression.

 to work towards liberation.

 And I introduce key concepts, big concepts that are applicable throughout the quarter, race, and racialization, which we just talked about, agency and resistance.

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 And then these interlocking systems of capitalism, imperialism.

 White supremacy.

 So review questions, what is ethnic studies?

 You had to define it.

 He might take a minute here with your notebook.

 and respond to these products.

 What is ethnic studies?

 So come up with your own definition, based on what you learned last week.

 Why was it formed?

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 How was it formed?

 And how does it differ other disciplines?

 So.

 Yeah, take a, you can pause the video, take some time to respond to these prompts, to come up with your own answers in your notebook, so that you can refer back to them later.

 For example, on a midterm exam.

 All right, I'm gonna continue, just summarizing the first week assignments, getting to know you, the day one assignment, getting the new survey, introduce yourself to the class.

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 And then these three week one assignments.

 So this is more than usual, but again, I wanted to get you a foundation.

 Not just in what is ethnic studies, but in race itself.

 Before getting into the core disciplines of Native America studies, African American studies, and so on, having that foundation of understanding race, is going to be really helpful.

 And then the discussion forum, initial posts due Friday, comments on your classmates' posts due Sunday.

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 You didn't make it by Friday.

 Don't sweat it this first round, but shoot for that as a goal, going forward.

 And, um, yeah, I'm a little under the weather, but I'll try to catch up with the grating, hopefully soon.

 All right, moving to the next section, ethnic studies frameworks.

 So, hopefully, you read this when you read chapter 2 on the ongoing struggle for us next day.

 But I wanted to highlight this, because it lays out the basic framework, so I'm kind of paralleling what I talked about on the second lecture last week.

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 But using the language of the textbook, which, to me, is a little bit jargony, so I want to break that down into simpler terms.

 So geo historical, macroscales of ethnic studies, so geo being space, geography, historical time, right?

 Macro scales, so extending across great space and time.

 These scales of ethnic studies. And you can see here, there's four of them.

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 Indigenity and active roots.

 So really connecting to this week's chapter of Native American Studies and indigenity. Coloniality, dehumanation, dehumanization, and genocide.

 Again, these strong connections with Native American experience and immigrant studies, hegemony and normalization.

 And I'm gonna unpack each of these four things, going in slides immediately following this one.

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 So, hegemony normalization, how ideas circulate through the media, through political rhetoric, and so on, to become... Bized as common sense.

 When they reach that level, they become what's called hegemonic, so that we no longer have to think about them.

 We stop questioning them.

 We just take them for granted the way they are.

 And once they become established in that way, that's a dominant narrative, it becomes really difficult to think or imagine beyond that.

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 So, and also very difficult to challenge and change that.

 And so, if the dominant narrative on the race comes from a single racial perspective, what we're looking at, the epic studies had to change that. So, first thing, to change something, you have to be able to see the thing, see what's been normalized, see what's...

 Okay, then the fourth one, De Coloniality, Regeneration, and Transformational Resistance.

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 So, again, connecting to this idea of agency and resistance, with the purpose of undoing coloniality, regenerating, so healing, regenerating, moving beyond these status quo of systems of oppression, through resistance, to create transformation, to create change.

 So let's look at the first one of...

 Oh, sorry.

 This is restating that said, um, this four scales.

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 Just went through them.

 Let's go through them one at a time, so indigenate an active, an active roof, and beginning with and centering the sovereignty and the self determination of indigenous peoples.

 And that's why this course we had structured, Week twoory to