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Hello, everyone.

 Welcome to Week 2.

 Um, I'm a little under the weather, so things are happening kind of slow this week, but, um, if you want to catch up, let's move into the slides.

 All right, Native American Studies part one.

 Here's the agenda for today.

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 Gonna talk a little bit about academic note taking, review week one, and the ethnic studies frameworks that were introduced in week one.

 And then I'll move into this week's chapter 4 on American Indian

, Native American Studies, starting with indigenous ways of knowing, and have some concepts and theories and then supplemental resources.

 Academic note taking.

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 So, I'm including this because, um, a community college, we get, we have a diverse student body in terms of many things, including prior academic experience.

 So to try to establish a baseline in academic practices, I just want to talk a little bit about note taking practice.

 So, college 101, always take notes, whether it's a lecture like this, reading, looking at films, listening to podcasts.

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 Take notes.

 The purpose is not just to have notes for future reference, but for mental retention, the studies show that the act of taking notes helps you remember things.

 Even before you go back to look at it.

 And this is especially true with handwritten notes.

 And I discovered this, um, how do you say, empirically myself, when I started, I graduate school experience as a KHD student.

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 Um, I was having trouble keeping up with the lectures and discussions, so I was typing as fast as I could.

 And it wasn't until I, again, working as a teaching assistant, in large, large undergraduate, um, lecture class, where the professor had a policy of no screens.

 And this applied even to the graduate students who were the teaching assistants.

 So, I had to take notes by hand. And lo and behold, what I discovered was, by taking them by hand, I actually internalized the knowledge much better than when I typed it.

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 When I typed it, it would get onto the page, but it wouldn't stay up here.

 So, it's a long story to encourage you to take notes by hand, if you can.

 And then to keep those notes together in a safe place, like, for example, I use notebook.

 So you have all in one place, so do you know where you can find them?

 And that's really invaluable for major assignments, such as a midterm exam, or a final paper, or you want to have everything you've covered in one place, easy to recall.

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 Because this will save you a lot of time, as well, without having to go back into the readings, if you can just look at your notes.

 and have a gist of the gist, or highlights, or key points, the course materials all in one place, and if you've written it by hand, even the location of it will feel familiar and help recall the memory that went into making those notes.

 All right, so, that's why I have to stand no taking for now.

 Soon, we're gonna get into strategic question stems, probably in the next lecture.

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 So not just note taking, but how to read critically, so that you can write critically.

 Analytical reading for analytical writing.

 Um, that's next time.

 All right, review of week one.

 So, week one had more assignments than usual.

 I wanted to get started with a solid foundation.

 So these are the main things I want to highlight from week one.

 So what is race?

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 How does racism operate?

 Why was race invented?

 And how has it been used structurally?

 To the extent that it's embedded in all systems and structures that are the systems, the institutional systems, that structure life, as we know it.

 And then the other part is, what is ethnic studies? Why was it formed?

 How was it formed?

 How does it differ from other disciplines?

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 So the first part, what is race?

 Why was it invented?

 How does it operate?

 How has it been used structurally?

 How race and power connected?

 Why is it so embedded in the systems, the structure allies? Watching that film, the first week, race the Power Evolution episode two, um... That probably gave me insight to understanding these questions and the answers to these questions.

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 including the homework assignment that covered this as well.

 So that should have given you a good foundation, foundational understanding of...

 why and how behind race, that you probably didn't have before coming into this course.

 And that's gonna be really useful, have that foundation, as we move through...

 And in that lecture, on Wednesday, I tried to kind of lay out conceptually how suspended crisis works.

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 The systemic meaning through systems, systems of oppression, such as economic systems, such as capitalism, political systems, psychologics, that circulate through culture.

 such as white supremacy.

 So these systems that are interlocking, interrelated, um, how they search and specialize, being categorized, different groups of people, by inventing the categories, as well as the characteristics or attributes of those categories, stereotypes, that are assigned to those categories as racial identities.

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 So systems of oppression, racializing, targeted, targeted groups, to make them vulnerable for exploitation.

 We're gonna look at this, how this has happened again and again throughout U.S. history.

 And the racially targeted groups were looking at BIPOC groups, right?

 Black indigenous people of color, Native American, African American, Asian American, and Pacific Islander, and Chicotix, and Latinx.

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 And so this, this sort of provides a schematic framework for how this works, right?

 Systems, racialized groups, for a purpose, right?

 It's motivated in order to justify policies and practices that treat those groups differently, have different effects.

 that exploit them, right?

 These are some of the effects listed here.

 right?

 Genocide, chattel slavery, Asian exclusion, land theft, labor exploitation, forced assimilation, incarceration, mass incarceration, sterilization, deportation, and so on.

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 So I'm trying to give you here conceptual frameworks.

 for how to look at how race works.

 So the other part of the first week, again, was, what is ethnic studies? And there are a couple readings from the textbook, right?

 Ethnic studies is home.

 Y, ethnic studies, by Kay Fisher, and then the chapter, the full chapter to the ongoing struggle for ethnic studies, by Espinoza Kulik.

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 as well as short video, the longest strike, in U.S. history, about the strike at SF State College, nearly five months, to demand and establish the first ethnic studies program in the country.

 soon followed by UC Berkeley, and then proliferating around the nation.

 So, through these...

 Oh, and then there was also the lecture I posted on Wednesday, I asked the question, in what important ways does ethnic studies differ from other disciplines?

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 Talking about positionality, which refers to who's perspective is centered in the production of knowledge, in the teaching of courses.

 And how one way that ethnic studies differs is by centering...